Overexpression SPRY2 Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Via Inactivation of ERK/AKT Signaling / La Sobreexpresión SPRY2 Suprime la Evolución del Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago Mediante la Inactivación de la Señalización ERK/AKT

SUMMARY: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. SPRY2 has been reported to exert promoting effects in human cancers, which controls signal pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPKs. However, the expression of SPRY2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed role of SPRY2 in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and ERK/AKT signaling pathway in ESCC. It was identified that the expression level of SPRY2 in ESCC was remarkably decreased compared with normal tissues, and it was related to clinicopathologic features and prognosis ESCC patients. The upregulation of SPRY2 expression notably inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca-109 cells. In addition, the activity of ERK /AKT signaling was also suppressed by the SPRY2 upregulation in Eca-109 cells. Our study suggests that overexpression of SPRY2 suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasion of by through suppression of the ERK/AKT signaling pathways in ESCC. Therefore, SPRY2 may be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC.

El cáncer de esófago es uno de los cánceres gastrointestinales más agresivos. La invasión y la metástasis son las principales causas de mal pronóstico del cáncer de esófago. Se ha informado que SPRY2 ejerce efectos promotores en los cánceres humanos, que controla las vías de señales, incluidas PI3K/AKT y MAPK. Sin embargo, la expresión de SPRY2 en el carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago (ESCC) y su mecanismo subyacente aún no están claros. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue investigar el papel detallado de SPRY2 en la regulación de la proliferación celular, la invasión y la vía de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Se identificó que el nivel de expresión de SPRY2 en ESCC estaba notablemente disminuido en comparación con los tejidos normales, y estaba relacionado con las características clínico-patológicas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con ESCC. La regulación positiva de la expresión de SPRY2 inhibió notablemente la proliferación, migración e invasión de células Eca-109. Además, la actividad de la señalización de ERK/AKT también fue suprimida por la regulación positiva de SPRY2 en las células Eca-109. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la sobreexpresión de SPRY2 suprime la proliferación y la invasión de células cancerosas mediante la supresión de las vías de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Por lo tanto, SPRY2 puede ser un marcador de pronóstico prometedor y un objetivo terapéutico para la ESCC.

A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Proteus mirabilis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#A core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme to genotype and identify potential risk clonal groups (CGs) in Proteus mirabilis.@*METHODS@#In this work, we propose a publicly available cgMLST scheme for P. mirabilis using chewBBACA. In total 72 complete P. mirabilis genomes, representing the diversity of this species, were used to set up a cgMLST scheme targeting 1,842 genes, 635 unfinished (contig, chromosome, and scaffold) genomes were used for its validation.@*RESULTS@#We identified a total of 205 CGs from 695 P. mirabilis strains with regional distribution characteristics. Of these, 159 unique CGs were distributed in 16 countries. CG20 and CG3 carried large numbers of shared and unique antibiotic resistance genes. Nine virulence genes ( papC, papD, papE, papF, papG, papH, papI, papJ, and papK) related to the P fimbrial operon that cause severe urinary tract infections were only found in CG20. These CGs require attention due to potential risks.@*CONCLUSION@#This research innovatively performs high-resolution molecular typing of P. mirabilis using whole-genome sequencing technology combined with a bioinformatics pipeline (chewBBACA). We found that the CGs of P. mirabilis showed regional distribution differences. We expect that our research will contribute to the establishment of cgMLST for P. mirabilis.

Factors affecting blood lipid control among residents at a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the proportion of achieving the blood lipid control target and its influencing factors among residents at a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), so as to provide insights into management of blood lipid among residents at a high risk of ASCVD.@*Methods@#Residents at a high risk of ASCVD and at ages of 35 to 70 years were sampled using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 6 counties (districts) in Shaoxing City from May to July 2021. The residents' demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption and medical history of chronic diseases were collected using questionnaires, the height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured, and the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting blood glucose were detected. The proportion of blood lipids achieving the control target was analyzed, and factors affecting the proportion of blood lipids achieving the control target were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 1 695 individuals at a high risk of ASCVD were enrolled, including 940 men (55.46%) and 755 women (44.54%), with a mean age of (62.56±6.08) years. There were 285 participants that achieved the target of blood lipid control (16.81%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (male, OR=1.962, 95%CI: 1.396-2.758), age (OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.013-1.061), WC (OR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.964-0.995), diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.981, 95%CI: 0.967-0.994), smoking (OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.034-2.133), alcohol consumption (OR=0.684, 95%CI: 0.498-0.941), hypertension (OR=1.428, 95%CI: 1.006-2.207), administration of hypoglycemic drugs (OR=2.326, 95%CI: 1.720-3.144) as factors affecting the achievement of the target for blood lipid control among residents at a high risk of ASCVD. @*Conclusions @#Individuals at a high risk of ASCVD with higher WC, higher diastolic blood pressure and alcohol consumption are less likely to achieve the target for blood lipid control, while male individuals with older age, hypertension and administration of hypogcemic drugs are more likely to achieve the target for blood lipid control.

Location Analysis of Volatile Oil in Angelicae Sinensis Radix by Frozen Section and Fluorescence Imaging / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a simple， fast and accurate method for locating the volatile oil in Angelicae Sinensis Radix based on frozen section and fluorescence imaging technology， and to reveal the distribution and accumulation of volatile oil in the roots of this herbal medicine. MethodAngelicae Sinensis Radix was used as the research material， the best frozen section conditions for the research material were established by comparing the effects of different cryoprotectants on the quality of frozen sections of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The suitability of Sudan Ⅲ chemical staining and fluorescence localization for positioning the volatile oil were compared according to the loss of volatile oil and the complexity of operation process. ResultA new method for evaluating the quality of frozen sections of Angelicae Sinensis Radix was established. According to the evaluation equation， it was found that the highest score was obtained when the head， body and tail positions of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were treated with 20% glycerol， 15% glycerol and 20% sucrose， respectively. There was yellowish-brown oily substance in the oil chambers of phelloderm and secondary phloem， and oil canal of the secondary xylem of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， which could be stained orange red or orange yellow by Sudan Ⅲ， and there was green spontaneous fluorescence in the same part under the fluorescence microscope. ConclusionThe relatively complete section of Angelicae Sinensis Radix can be obtained after being treated with cryoprotectant. The volatile oil exists in the oil chambers of phelloderm and secondary phloem， and oil canal of the secondary xylem of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. This study can provide reference for observation of the accumulation sites of volatile oil in other plants.

Effect of antimicrobial use density on resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze the correlation between antimicrobial use density (AUD) and change in antimicrobial resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM), and explore the influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance of SM. Methods Antimicrobial resistance rate of SM and AUD of commonly used antimicrobial agents in patients in a hospital from 2012 to 2017 were summarized, correlation was analyzed with Pearson correlation method. Results A total of 23 994 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated, of which 1 331 strains (5.55％) were SM, mainly from sputum (54.02％) and distributed in intensive care unit (21.49％). Resistance rates of SM to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and compound sulfamethoxazole were 21.79％, 7.66％, and 13.37％ respectively, resistance rates to levofloxacin showed an increasing trend year by year (P＜0.05). Resistance rate of SM to levofloxacin was positively correlated with the use intensity of β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and oxazolidinones (all P＜0.05); resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with the use intensity of macrolides (P＜0.05).Conclusion Change in resistance rates of SM to levofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole are positively correlated with the use intensity of some commonly used antimicrobial agents, reducing AUD is beneficial to the control and reducing of the resistance of SM.

Correlation of Coronary Artery Tortuosity Caused by Myocardial Bridge with Coronary Atherosclerosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the potential correlation between coronary artery tortuosity caused by myocardial bridge and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods The data of 88 patients with suspected coronary heart disease in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology during the period from March 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Coronary artery tortuosity caused by myocardial bridge was diagnozed by computed tomography coronary angiography.Meanwhile,the contemporary data of patients diagnosed with coronary artery tortuosity without myocardial bridge were selected as the control group.The coronary atherosclerosis as well as coronary artery stenosis were observed,and clinical data including age,gender,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking history,family history,and body mass index(BMI) were collected and compared.The incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in terms of whole coronary artery,anterior segment of tortuosity,tortuosity segment,and posterior segment of tortuosity was compared firstly,followed by the comparisons of the differences in coronary artery stenosis degree in terms of anterior segment of tortuosity,tortuosity segment,and posterior segment of tortuosity.Finally,the differences of the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in the complete MB group,incomplete MB group,and non-MB group with different degrees of tortuosity were compared.Results The incidences of coronary atherosclerosis on whole coronary artery(χ=15.565,P=0.000),anterior segment of tortuosity(χ=8.606,P=0.003),tortuosity segment(χ=13.475,P=0.000) and posterior segment of tortuosity(χ=4.314,P=0.038) in the MB group were significantly lower than those in the non-MB group.The incidences of mild stenosis in anterior segment of tortuosity(χ=6.988,P=0.008),tortuosity segment(χ=10.050,P=0.002),and posterior segment of tortuosity(χ=4.314,P=0.038) in the MB group were significantly lower than those in the non-MB group.However,the incidences of moderate and severe stenosis on anterior segment of tortuosity(χ=0.586,P=0.444),tortuosity segment(χ=1.356,P=0.244),and posterior segment of tortuosity were not significantly different between these two groups.The incidence of coronary atherosclerosis on anterior segment of tortuosity of mild(χ=13.526,P=0.000) and moderate tortuosity(Fisher exact probability,P=0.015) in the complete MB group was significantly lower than that in the non-MB group;however,the severe tortuosity was not significantly different(Fisher exact probability,P=0.155).The incidence of coronary atherosclerosis on anterior segment of tortuosity of mild tortuosity(χ=9.167,P=0.002) in the incomplete MB group was significantly lower than that in the non-MB group;however,no significant difference of moderate(Fisher exact probability,P=0.047) and severe tortuosity(Fisher exact probability,P=0.031) was identified between these two groups(P>0.0167).Finally,no significant difference of the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis on anterior segment of tortuosity of mild(χ=1.239,P=0.266),moderate(Fisher exact probability,P=1.000),and severe tortuosity(Fisher exact probability,P=1.000) was identified between the complete MB group and the incomplete MB group.Conclusions Compared with non-MB patients,patients with coronary artery tortuosity caused by MB(especially complete MB) tend to have lower incidences of coronary atherosclerosis and mild coronary stenosis.However,coronary artery tortuosity caused by MB is not correlated with moderate or severe coronary stenosis.

Calreticulin promotes migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcino-ma cells by inducing cell EMT / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the expression of calreticulin(CRT)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues,ana-lyze the significance of clinical pathology and the influence on epithelial -mesencymal transition(EMT)of CNE2 cells. METHODS:The expression of calreticulin was detected by immunohistochemistry in 52 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 57 nasopharyngeal benign tissues,and the significance of clinical pathology was evaluated.The calreticulin gene-specific small interfering RNA was constructed,and then was transfected into the NPC cell line CNE 2 using the cationic liposome meth-od.The effect of CRT on the morphological changes of the CNE 2 cells was observed under light microscope.The effect of CRT on the cell migration and invasion abilities of the CNE 2 cells was detected by Transwell migration and invasion assays. The expression of EMT-related proteins E-cadherin,vimentin,transforming growth factor(TGF)-βand matrix metallopro-teinase(MMP)-9 in the CNE2 cells was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of CRT in the benign lesion tissues was 19.29%(11/57),which was significantly increased in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues as 82.69%(43/52).The expression rate of CRT was positively correlated with the stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Knockdown of CRT expression made the CNE 2 cells showing a spindle shape to a flat, cobblestone-like epithelial state change,arranged more compact,and the migration and invasion abilities were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Knockdown of CRT expression resulted in significant increase in the protein expression of E -cadhe-rin,and the decreases in the protein expression of vimentin, TGF-βand MMP-9 in the CNE2 cells(P<0.05).CON-CLUSION:Calreticulin expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is significantly higher and positively correlated with naso -pharyngeal carcinoma stage and lymph node metastasis.Calreticulin promotes cell migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells by inducing EMT.

Free SiO2 promotes the foaming of alveolar macrophages / 医学研究生学报

Objective Lipid metabolism disorders caused by cell foam plays an important role in atherosclerosis,but wheth-er it is involved in the development and progression of silicosis has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of free silica(SiO2) in inducing foam cell formation of NR8383 alveolar macrophages in rats. Methods NR8383 cells were cultured in vitro by the routine method (the control group) or in 50 μg/mL SiO2 (the SiO2group), 50 μg/mL ox-LDL (the ox-LDL group), or 50 μg/ml SiO2and ox-LDL (the model group), all for 36 hours. The survival rate of the cells was calculated with the cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay (MTS),the lipid deposition observed by oil red O staining,the levels of total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol esters(CE) measured by ELISA,and the mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ and CD36 in the cells determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Compared with the control group,the cells treated with ox-LDL showed a significantly increased survival rate, which reached the peak at 50 μg/mL ([1.501±0.201]%) (P<0.05). Foam cells were observed in the SiO2,ox-LDL and model groups,but most significantly in the model group. In comparison with the ox-LDL group,the model group exhibited remarkable increases in TC([14.195±2.260] vs[35.764±4. 226] μg/mg,P<0.05),FC([7.722±0.690] vs[10.049±0.698] μg/mg,P<0.05),CE([6.473±1.707] vs[25.715±4.243] μg/mg,P<0.05),and CE/TC (45.057% vs 71.642%, P<0.05). Conclusion Free SiO2promotes the lipid metabolism disorder in macrophages and enhances the foaming of the cells,in which PPARγ and CD36 may play an important role of regulation.

Salvianolic acid B effects on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hippocampal neural stem cells in rats following oxygen-glucose deprivation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Salvianolic acid B can ease nerve injury and promote neurogenesis, but its effects on proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of rat hippocampal neural stem cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation.METHODS: Hippocampal neural stem cells were isolated from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats, and divided into six groups, five of which were cultured in an incubator containing anaerobic mixtures (1% O2, 5% CO2 and 94% N2) for 150minutes followed by treatment with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L), respectively.After 4 days of intervention, MTT was used to detect cell proliferation. After 48 hours of intervention, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. After 5 days of culture, flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the percentage of cells positive for neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Normally cultured cells acted as controls (normoxic group).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normoxic group, the proliferation of neural stem cells was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and the rate of apoptosis was increased in the oxygen-glucose deprivation group (P <0.01). After treatment with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B, the cell viability and the ratio of neurons in total cells were increased, and the ratio of astrocytes was decreased, especially in 20 and 40 mg/L groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, these results suggest that salvianolic acid B alleviates adverse effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation on neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.

Effect of liquiritin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Liquiritin has the protective and nutritive effects on neural stem cells. However, the effect of liquiritin on neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of liquiritin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos. METHODS:Neural stem cells were separated from the embryonic brain of Kunming white mice at the gestational age of 14 days. The identification of embryonic neural stem cells was performed by immunocytochemistry method. The expression of neural stem cells-special genes was determined by qRT-PCR. The cell growth curve was drawn and proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells treated with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin for 48 hours was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) When cultured at day 5, al individual neural stem cells gathered together into neurospheres; with the extension of time, the neurospheres were enlarged, and gathered together into larger cell masses. (2) Results from immunocytochemistry showed that all the floating neurospheres was nestin-positive. Data from qRT-PCR revealed a higher expression of nestin mRNA, but there was no expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neural stem cells. (4) The growth of neural stem cells was slow at the beginning. After 2-3 days, the cell proliferation quickly entered the exponential phase. After 4 days, the cell proliferation gradually slowed down, and the overall cell growth entered into the platform period. (5) The cell proliferation after treatment with 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin was faster than that in the control group (0 g/L). To conclude, 2-8 g/L liquiritin could increase the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos.

Impact of Myocardial Bridge-mural Coronary Artery on Myocardial Functions / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To study the impact of myocardial bridge (MB)-mural coronary artery (MCA) on myocardial functions.Methods Totally 82 patients presenting with chest tightness and chest pain who were diagnosed with the MB in the left anterior descending artery by CT coronary angiography were enrolled as the MB group,in which the thickness and length of MB and the systolic stenosis degree of MCA were measured.In addition,82 healthy subjects,as confirmed by health check-up,were set as the control group.The age,gender,body mass index (BMI),heart rate (HR),smoking history,interventricular septal thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,diameter of left atrium,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction,and the cases of E'/A'<1 were compared between MB group and control group.The potential correlations among the thicken/length of MB,the systolic stenosis degree of MCA and early diastolic peak strain rate(SRe)/late diastolic peak strain rate(SRa) were analyzed.Results The age (t=0.97,P=0.65),gender (χ=0.10,P=0.75),BMI (t=1.82,P=0.07),HR (t=0.87,P=0.39) and smoking history (χ=0.43,P=0.51) were not significantly difference between these two group.The interventricular septal thickness (t=1.54,P=0.13),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (t=1.47,P=0.14),diameter of left atrium (t=1.62,P=0.11),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (t=0.49,P=0.63),left ventricular end-systolic diameter (t=1.29,P=0.20),and left ventricular ejection fraction (t=0.56,P=0.57) were also not significantly different between the normal and MB group.However,there was significant difference in the cases of E'/A'<1 (χ=38.22,P=0.00).The SRe (r=-0.97,P=0.00;r=-0.93,P=0.00)and SRa (r=-0.89,P=0.00;r=-0.90,P=0.00) the left ventricular anterior wall were negatively correlated with the thickness of MB and the systolic stenosis degree of MCA and were not correlated with the length of MB (r=-0.09,P=0.76;r=-0.13,P=0.66).Conclusions MB is not correlated with myocardial systolic function,but can affect myocardial diastolic function.When the MB thickness increases,the systolic stenosis degree of MCA increases,the myocardial diastolic function gradually decreases,but the MB length is not related to myocardial systolic function.

Effects of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction on blood lipid content, oxidative stress and ox-LDL/Lox-1 pathway in ApoE-/- mice / 中国中药杂志

To observe the functions of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction（GXBD） on regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidation, and interposing ox-LDL/Lox-1 pathway, and to explore its anti-atherosclerosis (AS) mechanisms. AS models were established by using 42 Apo-E-/- male mice with high fat diet. AS model mice were randomly divided into the model group, simvastatin group, and GXBD high and low dose groups. C57BL/6J male mice were used as the normal control group, n=10 and the treatment lasted for 8 weeks. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, SOD, MDA, GSH-px, and ox-LDL in blood serum were tested 24 h after the last administration. The changes of aortic tissues structure were observed by HE staining; the expression levels of Lox-1 protein and the expression levels of mRNA were detected by Western blot and PCR respectively.Results showed that the blood lipid levels and MDA, ox-LDL levels in blood serum of model group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, but SOD, GSH-px levels were significantly lower than those in the normal control group, and the Lox-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were also significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05), namely aortic atherosclerosis lesions were obvious in model group.The levels of blood lipid and MDA, ox-LDL of GXBD high and low dose groups and simvastatin group were significantly lower than those in model group, while SOD, GSH-px levels were significantly higher than those in model group, and Lox-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in model group(P<0.05), namely the aortic atherosclerosis lesions were significantly relieved. The above results indicated that GXBD was capable of modulating blood lipid, anti-oxidation, and inhibiting the expression of Lox-1, and interposing ox-LDL/Lox-1 pathway in the AS model Apo-E-/- mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerosis.

Analysis of 233 Cases of ADR Induced by Antibacterials in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regulations of antibacterials-induced adverse drug reactions (ADR) in our hospital,and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use. METHODS:233 patients with antibacterials-in-duced ADR in our hospital from Oct. 2013 to Jun. 2015 were selected and analyzed statistically according to patient's age and gen-der,route of administration,the type of antibacterials,occurrence time,organs/systems involved in ADR,etc. RESULTS:There were a large number of ADR in patients age ≤18 and ≥70 years,accounting for 19.3% and 18.5%;the male was more than the female;the incidence of ADR induced by intravenous route was the highest,accounting for 94.0%. Most of ADR was caused by cephalosporins,accounting for 33.9%;ADR often occurred within 1 d after medication,accounting for 63.9%;lesion of skin and its appendants injury was main ADR,accounting for 39.3%. CONCLUSIONS:Adhere to theclear indications,a detailed inqui-ry about allergy history before drug use,right dose,suitable route of administration and course,and timely ADR disposal can re-duce the damage caused by ADR.

Association of surfactant protein D gene polymorphisms at rs3088308 and rs721917 with susceptibility to silicosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of surfactant protein D (rs3088308 and rs721917) and the susceptibility to silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This case-control study included 125 silicosis patients and 125 individuals exposed to industrial dust but without silicosis (control group), who were strictly matched with the case group for age, gender, work type and cumulative length of dust exposure. The rs3088308 and rs721917 polymorphisms of surfactant protein-D were detected in all the participants using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of T/T, T/A and A/A genotypes of surfactant protein-D rs3088308 locus were 22.2%, 71.2% and 5.6% in the case group, significantly different from the frequencies of 17.6%, 58.4% and 24.0% in the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The frequencies of C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes of rs721917 locus were 17.6%, 56.8% and 25.6% in the case group, similar to the frequencies of 15.2%, 60.0% and 24.8% in the control group, respectively (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Surfactant protein-D rs3088308 polymorphism is significantly associated with silicosis, and the T allele may be a risk factor for silicosis in individuals exposed to industrial dust.</p>

Fresh fruit consumption may decrease the long-term risk of acquiring esophageal cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the long-term risk of esophageal cancer from fresh fruit consumption. Methods:In 1985, a total of 29,479 participants aged between 40 and 69 years old were recruited for this study. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases, and food intake frequency were surveyed at the baseline and were then followed up. Through December 31, 2015, a median of 31.79 years of observation was obtained. The primary endpoint was death from esophageal cancer. The hazard ratio and 95%confi-dence intervals for fresh fruit consumption were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results:Overall, 31.09%of partici-pants reported consuming fresh fruit more than once every week. Compared with participants who never or rarely consumed fresh fruit, those who consumed fresh fruit more than once a week had a lower long-term risk of esophageal cancer. Death rate decreased to 7%among those who ate fresh fruit more than once a week, especially among males (11%) and those with positive smoking history (13%). Conclusion:Fresh fruit consumption is associated with a lower risk of death from esophageal cancer, but the etiological mecha-nism needs to be investigated further.

Experimental treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible action mechanism of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) in the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The second generation of hUCB-MSCs was cultured to the fourth generation. Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (clean grade) were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: bleomycin group, stem cell treatment group, dexamethasone treatment group, and negative control group. A pulmonary fibrosis model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in the bleomycin group, stem cell treatment group, and dexamethasone treatment group. The stem cell treatment group was injected with stem cells labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (Brdu) via the caudal vein immediately after the model was established. The dexamethasone treatment group was intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone for 7 d from the next day after the model was established. The negative control group was given an equal volume of normal saline by intra-tracheal instillation. In each group, 5 rats were sacrificed in the 7th, 14th, and 28th days. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Brdu-labeled stem cells were observed by HE and Masson staining and immunohistochemistry. Lung hydroxyproline content was determined by acid hydrolysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stem cell treatment groups had Brdu-labeled stem cells seen in lung tissue in the 7th, 14th, and 28th days. Compared with the negative control group, the bleomycin group, stem cell treatment group, and dexamethasone treatment group had significantly increased scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis (P < 0.05). In the 7th, 14th, and 28th days, the scores of alveolitis in stem cell treatment group and dexamethasone treatment group were significantly lower than those in bleomycin group (P < 0.05); in the 28th day, the scores of pulmonary fibrosis in stem cell treatment group and dexamethasone treatment group were significantly lower than that in bleomycin group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis between the dexamethasone treatment group and stem cell treatment group (P > 0.05). Compared with the bleomycin group, the stem cell treatment group and dexamethasone treatment group had significantly decreased number of TGF-β1-positive cells and hydroxyproline content in lung tissue at all time points (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in number of TGF-β1-positive cells and hydroxyproline content in lung tissue between the stem cell treatment group and dexamethasone treatment group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hUCB-MSCs can be transplanted into damaged lung tissue and effectively reduce alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the early stage of pulmonary fibrosis. The action mechanism of hUCB-MSCs may involve inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 and reducing the formation of collagen.</p>

Cloning and sequence analysis of UreB of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone UreB gene of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from children to pGEX-4T-1 expression plasmid, and do sequence analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A pair of specific primer was designed according to H. pylori UreB gene in the GenBank. Using H. pylori strains isolated from children as a template, a UreB gene was obtained by PCR. After EcoR I and Not I digestion, the PCR production was linked with pGEX-4T-1 which was digested with the same enzymes. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 and identified by double enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. The sequence results were compared with the gene sequence in the GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A UreB gene was successfully amplified from children's H. pylori strain GZCH1. It was 1710 bp in size. The objective band was identified by double enzyme digestion. DNA sequence showed that UreB was in the correct open reading frame. The sequence comparison analysis showed that DNA and amino acid sequence identities of UreB gene with other strains were 98%. The sequence of UreB of H. pylori strain GZCH1 was submitted to GenBank (accession number:FJ455126).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>UreB of H. pylori strain GZCH1 is successfully cloned to pGEX-4T-1, which provides a basis for research of oral H. pylori vaccine.</p>

Expressions of cadherin molecules CDH18 and PCDH17 in human azoospermic testes / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of cadherin molecules CDH18 and PCDH17 in normal and azoospermic human testes and their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the routine pathological slices of normal and non-obstructive azoospermic human testis tissues for changes in the tight junction of Sertoli-germ cells, and identified the differential gene expression profiles of the normal and azoospermic testis tissues using cDNA microarrays containing multiple cadherin molecules. The results were confirmed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abnormal tight junction of the Sertoli-germ cells was observed in 37.5% of the azoospermic testis samples, and obvious changes were seen in the expressions of some cadherin molecules, with down-regulation of CDH18 and PCDH17.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cadherin molecules such as CDH18 and PCDH17 may play a certain role in the development and progression of azoospermia, which might be related with the abnormal tight junction of the Sertoli-germ cells.</p>

Expression of COX10 in human non-obstructive azoospermia testes / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of COX10 mRNA in the testes of non-obstructive azoospermia patients and normal men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cDNA microarray containing COX10 and some other genes as RBM and EIF1AY was used to identify the differential gene expression profiles in the normal and azoospermic testes. The cDNA probes were prepared by labeling mRNA from azoospermic and normal testis tissues with Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP respectively through reverse transcription. The mixed cDNA probes were then hybridized with cDNA microarray. Later the fluorescent signals were scanned and the values of Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP on each spot were calculated and analyzed. After that an ISH was employed to detect the expression of COX10 mRNA in 10 fertile and 39 non-obstructive azoospermic testes, and the expression levels were compared to evaluate the significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We obtained 128 differentially expressed genes that might be related with azoospermia, among which 56 were up-regulated and 72 down-regulated, with the expression of COX10 significantly decreased. In situ hybridization confirmed that the mRNA expression of COX10 was stronger in the spermatogenic cells of the normal fertile than the azoospermic testes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>COX10 may play a certain role in the development and progression of azoospermia. The technique of cDNA microarray can be applied to further studies of screening non-obstructive azoospermia associated genes.</p>

Protective effect of lytic cocktail (inhibition of stress) on lung injury in severe burn rat / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of inhibition of stress (lytic cocktail) on lung injury in severe burn rats at early stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn were randomly divided into A group (n = 36, fluid resuscitation with administration of lytic cocktail), B group (n = 36, fluid resuscitation only). Lung function was evaluated by partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood and histopathologic changes on 3, 5, 7, 10 post burn day (PBD). The levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in lung tissue were measured at the same time points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PaO2 level in A group on 3 PBD (12.58 +/- 0.41 kPa) was significantly higher than that in B group (8.86 +/- 0.23 kPa, P < 0.01). Compared with those in B group, the levels of MDA and MPO were significantly decreased in A group at each time point (P < 0.05 or 0.01), the levels of TNF-alpha on 3, 5, 7 PBD (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and IFN-gamma on 5, 7, 14 PBD (P < 0.01) were also decreased in A group. Swollen lung mesenchyme was alleviated, infiltration of inflammatory cell was lessened in A group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lytic cocktail combined with immediate fluid resuscitation can inhibit stess response, downregulate the expression of inflammatory factor, ameliorate lung function in severe burn rat at early stage.</p>